Concept:A scientist’s famous work should be matched to his actual contribution, not merely by name association.
Explanation:Jean-Baptiste Lamarck is correctly matched with “Inheritance of acquired characteristics.”
This idea says an organism can pass on features it develops during its lifetime.
Charles Darwin did not preserve food with heat; he is famous for evolution by natural selection.
Gregor Mendel did not propose natural selection; he studied heredity and independent assortment of genes.
Louis Pasteur did not discover independent assortment; he developed pasteurisation, which preserves food by heating.
So, among the given pairings, all are wrong except the Lamarck pair.
Answer:The only correct matching is Jean-Baptiste Lamarck → Inheritance of acquired characteristics.
If Lamarck is represented by IV in the table, the answer is IV only; none of the options A–D states this alone.