Concept:Industrial melanism is a classic example of natural selection, where a changing environment favours the survival of darker individuals.
Explanation:During the Industrial Revolution, soot from coal-burning factories darkened the bark of trees.
The usual pale peppered moths became highly visible to predators against the dark bark.
A rare dark-coloured (melanic) form blended in better and was more likely to survive.
These surviving dark moths reproduced and passed on their genes more successfully.
Over successive generations, the dark form became common and the pale form became scarce.
This change happened naturally due to differential survival and reproduction, not through any human choice of mates.
Therefore, it is not artificial selection, inbreeding, or outbreeding.
Answer:B. Natural selection