Concept:The phrase is linked to a poem that framed European imperialism as a moral obligation.
Explanation:European powers used the idea of a “civilising mission” to justify colonial expansion.
This idea was famously expressed in the poem “The White Man’s Burden”.
The poem was written by Rudyard Kipling in 1899.
He addressed it to the United States after it took control of the Philippines.
Kipling portrayed imperialism as a burdensome duty of the white race.
He argued that colonised peoples needed to be “civilised” and uplifted.
Thus, the concept became a popular justification for imperialism.
H.G. Wells, Joseph Conrad, and Charles Dickens were not linked to this phrase.
Kipling’s poem gave the concept its most famous expression.
Answer:D. Rudyard Kipling.