Concept:The Mfecane caused major changes to Southern Africa’s trade networks, not just simple decline or improvement.
Explanation:The Mfecane was a period of intense warfare and population movement.
These conflicts disturbed older, established trade routes and trading patterns.
As groups moved and new political states emerged, traders developed new routes and connections.
Therefore, trade was not completely destroyed; rather, it was rearranged into new channels.
Answer:C. Disruption of existing trade routes and establishment of new ones.