Concept:A republic is a form of government in which the head of state is an elected citizen, not a hereditary monarch.
Explanation:In a republic, the people are the source of political power.
They choose their leaders through free and fair elections.
The head of state, usually called a president, is an elected citizen who holds office for a fixed term.
This president may perform executive functions or serve in a ceremonial role, depending on the system of government.
Members of the legislature in a republic are also elected by the people.
This differs from a monarchy, where power passes by inheritance, and from a plutocracy, where the wealthy control the state.
Since the state described in the question has a ruler who is an elected citizen, it fits the definition of a republic.
Answer:B. a republic