Concept:The feature of indirect rule that most strongly provoked nationalism was the exclusion of educated Africans from political participation.
Explanation:Indirect rule in British West Africa was built around traditional chiefs and British officials.
Western-educated elites were left out of formal governance despite their qualifications.
This exclusion caused deep resentment among these elites.
They later became the leaders of nationalist movements demanding reforms and self-government.
Native courts and resident district commissioners were also features of indirect rule.
However, the denial of political roles to educated elites was far more influential in spreading nationalist ideas across British West Africa.
Answer:D. exclusion of the educated elites