Concept:The French policy of Assimilation was later replaced by a more flexible policy known as Association.
Explanation:Assimilation aimed to make African subjects adopt French language, culture, and citizenship.
It failed because it was impractical and ignored African traditions.
France then introduced the Policy of Association.
This policy allowed Africans to keep their own culture and customs.
It emphasised cooperation and partnership between French rulers and African people.
Therefore, Assimilation was replaced by Association.
Answer:C. association