Concept:A confederal state is a loose union of independent states that come together mainly for common purposes such as defence and foreign relations.
Explanation:In a confederation, member states retain most of their power and sovereignty.
The central government is created to handle only shared matters like defence and external affairs.
Such a central government is usually weak because it depends entirely on the member states for authority.
It cannot levy taxes, regulate trade, or enforce laws directly on the citizens.
Because the central government lacks real power, member states often refuse to obey its decisions.
Some member states may even decide to leave the union whenever their interests are not satisfied.
This weakness of the central authority creates disunity and instability in the system.
As a result, the confederal state becomes difficult to manage and eventually collapses.
The other options, such as the absence of a confederal parliament, an ill-equipped armed force, or a ceremonial head of state, are not the major causes of its collapse.
Answer:A. weak central government