Concept:The poem is about human wickedness and the punishment that follows on the land.
Explanation:The land once produced paddy in marshy plots, but now it has turned into hard rock.
This change is linked to “accursed revenges” and the anger of the land spirits.
The poem also shows broken family bonds and communal loot.
These are acts of abomination, or great moral evil.
The suffering described is therefore retribution for these wrongs.
The image of hoeing rock at the end shows the land has become barren as a result.
Answer:C. abomination and retribution