Concept:Many middlemen in the chain of production usually increase costs and distort the market, so the effect that does not follow is lower prices for consumers.
Explanation:Middlemen buy goods from producers at very low prices and sell them to consumers at very high prices.
Their activities often lead to hoarding of goods in order to create artificial scarcity.
This artificial scarcity results in shortage of commodities in the market.
Because of hoarding and scarcity, retail prices become high, not low.
Therefore, low retail prices is not an effect of having many middlemen.
Answer:B. low retail prices