Concept:Checking input data against preset rules is known as data validation.
Explanation:Data validation is the process of reviewing data before it is entered or processed.
It compares the input with specified criteria, such as data type, range, format, or required values.
If the input does not satisfy these criteria, it is rejected or flagged for correction.
For example, ensuring that an age field contains a positive number is a validation check.
Thus, the operation described in the question is data validation.
Answer:B. data validation