Concept:Sequential file access reads or writes records one after another, from the start of the file to the end.
Explanation:The access method shown in Figure 12 works by moving through records in their physical order in the file.
It begins at the first record and continues until the required record is found or the file ends.
This means no record can be accessed directly without first passing through all previous records in sequence.
Because the records are processed one by one in the order in which they are stored, the diagram represents sequential access.
It differs from random or indexed access, which can jump directly to any record without reading all earlier ones.
Among the options, this is best described as sequential access.
Answer:D. sequential access
