Concept:A valid offer must be made known to the person it is directed at.
Explanation:An offer is a clear proposal showing the offeror’s willingness to be bound if it is accepted.
For an offer to be valid, it must be communicated to the offeree.
The offeree cannot accept a term or promise they have never seen or heard.
Therefore, without proper communication, no valid offer arises.
An offer need not be witnessed by a third party.
"Something of value" refers to consideration, which is a separate contract requirement.
An offer may be made to one person, a group, or the public, so it is not restricted to one person only.
Once the offer reaches the offeree, the offeree can decide whether to accept it.
Thus, communication is the essential condition for a valid offer.
Answer:D. communicated to the offeree