Concept:Planning is the management function of defining objectives and deciding how to achieve them.Explanation:The phrase “determining objectives and stating how they can be actualized” directly refers to setting goals and outlining the steps to reach them.This is the primary role of planning in management.Directing focuses on guiding people, motivating focuses on encouraging performance, and organizing focuses on arranging resources.These functions do not primarily involve defining objectives and ways to achieve them.Hence, the correct answer is planning.Answer:D. planning