Concept:Red-tapism in the public service refers to the excessive and rigid application of official rules, regulations, and procedures that causes delays in decision-making.
Its other common name is bureaucracy.
Explanation:In public administration, red-tapism describes the situation where government offices insist on strict compliance with formal rules, paperwork, and processes.
This often slows down action and makes it difficult for citizens to get services quickly.
Bureaucracy is the system of running a government through departments and appointed officials who follow set procedures.
When officials become too rigid and process-oriented, red-tapism sets in.
Thus, the phrase "red-tapism" is another term for bureaucracy.
The other options are incorrect because theocracy means rule by religious leaders, autocracy means rule by a single all-powerful leader, and democracy means rule by the people through elected representatives.
Answer:B. bureaucracy