Concept:Controlled mating refers to systems where breeding is deliberately managed or supervised.Explanation:Stud mating involves pairing selected males and females under planned supervision.Artificial insemination is a controlled method because semen is deliberately introduced into the female.Pen mating involves confining selected animals together to ensure controlled breeding.Herd mating is an uncontrolled system where animals mate freely in a group without individual supervision.Thus, the controlled mating systems are stud mating, artificial insemination, and pen mating only.Answer:D. I, II and III only