JAMB Physics 2024 Paper

Concept:Newton's law of cooling is accurate only when the temperature difference between the object and its surroundings is small.Explanation:Newton's law of cooling states that the rate of heat loss from an object is directly proportional to the temperature difference $\Delta T$ between the object and its surroundings.This can be written as $\frac{dQ}{dt} \propto \Delta T$, where $\Delta T = T_{\text{object}} - T_{\text{surroundings}}$.The linear relationship holds only when $\Delta T$ is small.If $\Delta T$ becomes large, factors such as convection currents and radiation become significant, and the cooling rate no longer follows the simple linear law.Thus, the law is valid only over a small temperature range where heat transfer is mainly by conduction and simple convection.Answer:A. small temperature range