Concept:Mohammed Ali aimed to modernise Egypt through strong central control of the economy, especially industry.
Explanation:His reforms did not reduce agriculture or increase reliance on imports.
Instead, he expanded cash crops like cotton to supply local factories.
He created state monopolies over major goods and industries.
Textiles, arms, and sugar production were managed directly by the state.
This centralisation helped finance military and economic modernisation.
He did not follow a free market model.
He also did not privatise state enterprises, since his policy was greater state control.
Thus, the key feature of his economic reforms was state domination of important industries.
Answer:B. The establishment of state monopolies over key industries