Concept:The Battle of Adwa was triggered by a diplomatic dispute over a treaty that Italy used to claim control over Ethiopia.
Explanation:The treaty in question was signed in 1889 between Emperor Menelik II of Ethiopia and Italy.
It is known as the Treaty of Wuchale, also spelled Treaty of Ucciali.
The central problem was Article 17 of the treaty.
The Italian version of this article stated that Ethiopia had to conduct all foreign affairs through Italy, making Ethiopia an Italian protectorate.
The Amharic version gave Ethiopia more independence and only allowed it to use Italy's services if it wished.
Menelik II rejected the Italian interpretation and renounced the treaty entirely.
Italy used this rejection as an excuse to invade Ethiopia.
The invasion led to the famous Battle of Adwa in 1896, where Ethiopian forces defeated the Italian army.
Since both Ucciali and Wuchale are different spellings of the same treaty, the correct choice from the list is the one named Wuchale.
Answer:D. Treaty of Wuchale