Concept:The Mahdiyya movement was fundamentally a popular uprising, driven by the collective will of the Sudanese people against oppressive foreign rule.
Explanation:In 1881, Muhammad Ahmad proclaimed himself the Mahdi and led a major revolt.
The movement gained strength because it appealed directly to the grievances of ordinary Sudanese people.
They were tired of heavy taxes, corruption, and the harsh policies of the Turko-Egyptian administration.
Thus, the Mahdiyya was neither a small conspiracy nor something forced on the people from outside.
It was a genuine expression of the people’s desire for change and self-determination.
Answer:A. It was of the people's will