Concept:The Mahdiyya movement was a mass religious and political uprising against oppressive foreign rule in Sudan.
Explanation:Muhammad Ahmad, who proclaimed himself the Mahdi, launched his famous revolt in
1881.
He rose directly against the Turco-Egyptian administration that governed the country.
This administration, heavily influenced by Britain, was harsh, corrupt, and exploitative in dealing with Sudanese people.
It imposed heavy taxes and interfered with the people's internal affairs and traditional way of life.
In addition, Khedive Ismail of Egypt attempted to suppress the slave trade, which threatened Sudan's economy and livelihoods.
The Sudanese therefore saw the regime as oppressive and foreign-dominated, not as a source of economic boom or development.
Hence, the Mahdiyya movement was fundamentally a reaction against internal oppression and domination rather than against economic boom or mere political instability.
Answer:C. Internal oppression and domination