Concept:The Mfecane was a destructive period of Zulu and Nguni wars and forced migrations in 19th-century Southern Africa, with an estimated death toll of over
1 to
2 million people.
Explanation:The Mfecane (Zulu: "the crushing"), known as the Difaqane among the Sotho, occurred during the second and third decades of the 19th century.
These conflicts were driven by Zulu expansion, which displaced many communities and triggered further wars and forced migrations.
The upheaval spread across Southern, Central, and parts of Eastern Africa.
It permanently changed the demographic, social, and political structure of the region.
Historical records estimate that over
1 to
2 million people died in the Mfecane war.
Answer:Option A: Over
1 to
2 million.