Concept:The Mfecane was a period of intense upheaval and migration among African communities in Southern Africa.Explanation:This era began with the rise of the Zulu kingdom under Shaka around 1815.It continued as wars and forced migrations spread across the region.The upheaval largely ended by 1840, after the affected societies had been reshaped.Therefore, the Mfecane in South Africa is dated between 1815 and 1840.Answer:B. 1815−1840