Concept:The Mahdist state was a movement that combined religious revival with political resistance against foreign rule.Explanation:In 1881, Muhammad Ahmad ibn Abd Allah declared himself the Mahdi.He launched the movement in Sudan against the Egyptian Khedivate, which had controlled the region since 1821.The movement was driven by Islamic religious fervour and the political aim of ending foreign domination.Thus, it was both a religious and a political movement.Answer:A. Religious and Political