Concept:An independent judiciary acts as a check on the power of the ruler or ruling group.
Its absence is a major feature of systems where power is uncontrolled.
Explanation:In an oligarchy, power is concentrated in the hands of a few wealthy or influential people.
These rulers use state institutions, including the courts, to serve their own interests.
Judges are either appointed by the ruling group or controlled by them, so they cannot deliver unbiased judgments.
This means the judiciary cannot check or limit the actions of the government.
For example, in a limited monarchy, a constitution or parliament provides checks.
A republican system often has a separation of powers.
A capitalist system is an economic system, not a political one, so it does not directly determine judicial independence.
Therefore, the absence of an independent judiciary is most closely associated with an oligarchy.
Answer:D. oligarchy system