Concept:Bureaucracy is the permanent administrative machinery that implements government policies.
Explanation:Bureaucracy refers to a body of non-elected government officials organized in a hierarchical structure.
This structure is created to run government functions continuously, regardless of political changes.
Its officials are recruited and retained under established rules, giving the state institutional memory.
Because civil servants remain in office across successive administrations, they preserve government records, enforce policies, and ensure services are not interrupted.
This makes bureaucracy a stable and continuing system of administration.
Public corporations perform special commercial or service functions and are not the whole machinery of governance.
The ombudsman handles complaints against public officers but is not responsible for daily orderly conduct.
Political parties are temporary, changing organizations that compete for power.
Therefore, only bureaucracy guarantees the continuity and orderly conduct required in governance.
Answer:A. Bureaucracy