Concept:Tropical commercial crop estates are large-scale farms established to grow cash crops for export.
This system is known as plantation agriculture.
Explanation:Plantation agriculture involves cultivating a single tropical cash crop over a very large area of land.
Typical crops include cocoa, rubber, oil palm, tea, coffee, and sugarcane.
These estates are usually owned by companies or wealthy individuals and depend on hired labour.
The harvested produce is processed and exported to international markets.
Mixed cropping means growing two or more crops together on the same piece of land.
Bush fallowing is a subsistence method in which land is left to rest so that soil fertility can be restored.
Intensive farming focuses on getting maximum output from a small area of land.
None of these describes the large-scale cultivation of tropical commercial crops as an estate system.
Therefore, the correct answer is plantation agriculture.
Answer:D. plantation agriculture