Concept:A dependent variable is the outcome being explained, while an independent variable is the factor that explains it.Explanation:In the equation Q=a−bp+e, the value of Q is determined by the right-hand side of the equation. Therefore, Q is the dependent variable because it changes when p or e changes. The variable p can be varied freely, so it is the independent variable. The terms a and b are constants, and e is the error term. Thus, Q and p are dependent and independent variables respectively.Answer:Option B: dependent and independent.