Concept:Road surfacing uses the heaviest residue from petroleum refining.Explanation:Petroleum fractions are separated by boiling point.Bitumen, also called asphalt, is the thick, black residue left after lighter fractions are removed.It is sticky and waterproof, making it ideal for paving and surfacing roads.Petrol, diesel, and lubricating oil are lighter products used as fuels or for engines, not for road construction.Answer:D. bitumen