Concept:Benzene reacts with an electrophile to replace a hydrogen atom, forming a substituted product.
Explanation:The conversion of benzene to toluene introduces a methyl group,
CH3, into the benzene ring.
This process occurs via electrophilic aromatic substitution.
First, an electrophile, such as
CH3+, attacks the electron-rich benzene ring.
Then, a hydrogen atom is removed from the ring to restore aromaticity.
The product is toluene,
C6H5CH3.
Because the attacking species is an electrophile and substitution takes place, this is electrophilic substitution.
It is not nucleophilic substitution, elimination, or a simple addition reaction.
Answer:C. Electrophilic substitution