Concept:Hardness in water is caused by dissolved calcium and magnesium ions.
Explanation:Sea water contains very high amounts of dissolved salts, including Ca
2+ and Mg
2+.
Spring water and river water pass over rocks and soil, picking up minerals along the way.
Tap water is treated and purified by water plants before supply.
Treatment often removes or reduces hardness ions, so tap water generally has the lowest concentration of Ca
2+ and Mg
2+.
Therefore, among the listed sources, tap water is the most likely to contain the least concentration of these ions.
Answer:C. Tap water