Concept:Ribosomes are the specialized cell organelles that carry out protein synthesis by translating the genetic message carried by messenger RNA (
mRNA) into a chain of amino acids.
Explanation:Protein synthesis requires a structure that can read the genetic code and join amino acids in the correct order.
That function belongs to the ribosome, not to centrioles, vacuoles, or plastids.
Centrioles help in cell division and the formation of cilia and flagella.
Vacuoles mainly serve for storage, transport, and waste management in cells.
Plastids are plant organelles involved in photosynthesis and the storage of food or pigments.
Ribosomes, however, attach to
mRNA and sequentially link amino acids to form a polypeptide chain, which then folds into a functional protein.
Therefore, the organelle specifically responsible for the synthesis of protein is the ribosome.
Answer:D. ribosome