JAMB Biology 2023 Paper

Concept:$\mathrm{Insulin}$ is a hormone that lowers blood sugar by helping cells absorb $\mathrm{glucose}$.It is produced by the pancreas.Explanation:The pancreas is an abdominal gland with both digestive and endocrine roles.Within the pancreas, clusters of cells known as the islets of Langerhans contain beta cells.These beta cells synthesise and release $\mathrm{insulin}$ into the bloodstream.$\mathrm{Insulin}$ regulates blood glucose by signalling cells to take up $\mathrm{glucose}$ and store it as $\mathrm{glycogen}$ in the liver and muscles.The other options do not produce $\mathrm{insulin}$.The thyroid gland secretes $\mathrm{thyroxine}$, which controls metabolic rate.The pituitary gland produces growth hormone and regulates other endocrine glands.The adrenal gland secretes $\mathrm{adrenaline}$ and $\mathrm{cortisol}$ for stress responses.Hence, among the listed glands, only the pancreas is responsible for producing insulin.Answer:$C$. Pancreas