Concept:Hereditary characteristics are transmitted when genes in chromosomes direct the synthesis of proteins that express traits.
Explanation:The correct process is when a gene on a chromosome dictates the formation of a specific protein.
This protein then brings about a particular hereditary characteristic in the organism.
This is the molecular mechanism by which genetic information is expressed and passed on.
Option A describes gene location, not transmission.
Option B refers to cell division, not direct transmission.
Option C confuses gamete separation with fertilization.
Only option D links gene action on chromosomes to protein formation, which is the actual transmission process.
Answer:D. Dictating the formation of a protein by a gene in a chromosome.