Concept:Density-dependent factors are those whose effects intensify as population density increases.
Explanation:Food shortage, predation, disease, and accumulation of metabolic wastes become more severe when more individuals occupy the same area.
Temperature, salinity, and light are density-independent factors because their effects occur regardless of population size.
Therefore, the correct group is food, predation, disease, and accumulation of metabolites.
Answer:C. Food, predation, disease and accumulation of metabolites