Concept:Food shortage can be reduced by measures that protect and increase food production.
Explanation:Pests destroy crops, which lowers the total food available.
Controlling pests reduces crop losses and helps maintain a steady food supply.
Natural hazards, hoarding, and illegal exportation of farm produce do not reduce food shortage.
In fact, hoarding and illegal exportation can make food less available.
Therefore, efficient pest control is the option that directly minimizes food shortage.
Answer:D. efficient pest control services