Concept:Biotic factors are the living components of an ecosystem that influence living organisms.
Explanation:An agricultural ecosystem is made up of biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) factors.
Biotic factors include all living organisms such as crops, animals, insects, rodents, and disease-causing pathogens.
Abiotic factors are non-living physical and chemical conditions of the environment.
Rainfall is a non-living climatic element, so it is an abiotic factor.
Soil
pH measures the acidity or alkalinity of the soil, which is a chemical property, and therefore it is abiotic.
Temperature is a non-living physical condition of the atmosphere, making it abiotic as well.
Crop pests, such as insects, rodents, and pathogens, are living organisms that feed on or damage crops.
Because crop pests are alive and interact with other organisms in the ecosystem, they are correctly grouped as biotic factors.
Answer:D. Crop pests