Concept:Permanent memory refers to storage that remains intact even when the computer is powered off.
Explanation:ROM stands for Read-Only Memory.
It is a non-volatile storage chip that holds essential instructions permanently.
These instructions are written during manufacturing and are not lost when the system is turned off.
ROM cannot be changed or erased by normal computer operations.
This makes it permanent memory, unlike RAM which is temporary and loses data when power is off.
Therefore, the option that correctly identifies permanent memory is ROM.
Answer:A. ROM