Difference in mathematics means subtraction.Product means multiplication.Sum means addition.Hence difference between (2d)2 and 2d2 implies (2d)2−2d2 NOTE: ln(2d)2 the square (2) is affecting both 2 and d since they are both in a bracket but in 2d2, the square (2) only affects the d.2d means 2×d2d2 means 2 times d square, thus 2×d2d2=d×dHence 2d2=2×d×d In (2d)2, you can simplify the 2d and when done square the result, thus multiply the result by itself.Since d=3, substitute 3 into wherever you see d and simplify2d=2×d, but d=3⇒2d=2×3=6(2d)2=(2×3)2=62=6×6=362d2=2×32=2×3×3=2×9=18(2d)2−2d2={36}{−18}=18